2.1 What is Multi-Party Computation?

Multi-party computation (MPC) is a cryptographic technique that enables a group of participants to securely perform a computation without revealing their individual inputs. In simpler terms, it allows multiple parties to collaborate and perform a task without revealing their individual data.

MPC is based on the principle of dividing sensitive data into multiple parts and distributing those parts among multiple participants. Each participant then performs their own computation on their respective part of the data, and the results are combined to arrive at the final output.

While the concept of MPC dates back to the 1980s, MPC has more recently found commercial success in providing a robust backbone to modern digital asset custody and management.